Are data centers causing climate change?

Efficiency Measures Could Cut Data Center, Server Energy Use by Half, or how to get suckered by the anti-Kyoto crazies.

A few years back a story circulated meant to stir FUD against Kyoto. The gist went something like this: computers are using a huge percentage of our electricity consumption! If the US signs on to Kyoto, we will cripple our high-tech economy! oh noes!

The story keeps getting reused, recycled and repurposed. In that way at least, it’s green.

It makes for great marketing material if you’re selling SUN servers (see my comment: That VP is pulling numbers out from where the sun don’t shine). “Data centers alone, Sun calculates, account for 2-3 percent of total world energy use.” That of course is completely outrageous.

Now it’s the EPA’s turn to release numbers. They’re not quite as crazy as SUN’s: now US data centers only consume 1.5% of US electricity (as opposed to energy!). Even the usually sane Worldwatch Institute is being used as a megaphone for this ideologically-driven hack-job (it also got reprinted through Worldchanging).

First off, the EPA report clearly says they’re estimating these numbers:

These energy consumption estimates were derived using a bottom-up estimation method based on the best publicly available data for servers and data centers. The estimation was performed as follows:

• estimated the U.S. installed base of servers, external disk drives, and network ports in data centers each year (based on industry estimates of shipments and stock turnover);
• multiplied by an estimated annual energy consumption per server, disk drive, or network port; and
• multiplied the sum of energy use for servers, storage, and networking equipment by an overhead factor to account for the energy use of power and cooling infrastructure in data centers. (EPA report: executive summary)

Estimates multiplied by estimates, multiplied by an overhead factor. Makes you feel confident public policy is based on sound advice, doesn’t it?

If the numbers were true, it might matter. However many vendors are already trying to sell more energy-efficient servers, and data centers are also looking for cost-effective ways to save money. It’s unclear what the US government could do that the market isn’t already doing.

It’s also doesn’t matter in the sense that energy use in data centers shouldn’t be considered in isolation. Servers are also displacing other energy-intensive applications. If people file their income tax through a server, that’s energy that wasn’t used to transport paper - let alone pulp wood and printing costs.

The EPA report had two objectives. One was to create FUD, the other to delay action. It’s worked admirably well.